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Theories X and Y

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Theories X and Y Definition

Theory X and theory Y are theories of motivation developed by Douglas McGregor (1960). Theory Y is the antithesis of X. While Theory X is concerned with devising the right sticks with which to prod work-shy labour, Theory Y looks for the carrots that will induce them to stay (Economist, 2006: 19). Modern organisations lie firmly in the Theory Y camp. Companies are coming to realise that knowledge workers, who have been identified as the creators of future wealth, thrive only under Theory Y (Ibid.).

Theories X and Y Description

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Theories X and Y Examples

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Theories X and Y Implementation

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Theories X and Y Strengths

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Theories X and Y Weaknesses

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Theories X and Y Value Focus

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Theories X and Y Life Cycle

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Theories X and Y Sector Focus

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Theories X and Y Web resources

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Theories X and Y Print resources

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Theories X and Y References

  • Balfour, D. L. and Marini, F. (1991) Child and Adult, X and Y: Reflections on the Process of Public Administration Education, Public Administration Review, Vol. 51 (6), pp. 478–486.
  • Beverly, G. (1987) I'm OK, you're Theory X, Training, Vol. 24 (1), pp. 99–101.
  • Bobic, M. P. and Davis, W. E. (2003) A kind word for theory X: Or why so many new fangled management techniques quickly fail, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 13 (3), p. 239.
  • Economist (2006) Survey: The X and Y Factors, The Economist, Jan 21st, Vol. 378, p. 19.

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